"Chitetezo chapafupi" cha zinthuzo ---UV531

 

Ma radiation a Ultraviolet (UV)—"wakupha wowala" wosaoneka uyu—nthawi zonse amaopseza moyo ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Monga "chishango chowunikira" ku ma radiation a UV, ma UV absorbers akhala oteteza kwambiri mafakitale amakono. Kuti timvetse zotsatira zake zodabwitsa, choyamba tiyenera kuzindikira mtundu weniweni wa "wakupha wosaoneka" uyu.

M'makona obisika a solar spectrum (100-400nm), kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumabisala mphamvu zitatu zapadera zoopsa:

 

Kugawa	Kutalika kwa mafunde (nm)	Mawonekedwe
UV-A	320-400	Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwa nthawi yayitali kuli ndi mphamvu yolowera mkati ndipo kumatha kulowa m'mitambo ndi magalasi.
UV-B	280-320	Ma radiation a ultraviolet a mafunde apakati amatengedwa pang'ono ndi ozone layer ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yofooka yolowera.
UV-C	100-280	Ma radiation a ultraviolet a short-wave amatengedwa pafupifupi kwathunthu ndi ozone layer, ndipo pang'ono chabe amatsala padziko lapansi.

 

• Mphamvu Zapadera za UV-C: Zili ndi mphamvu zoopsa kwambiri, mwamwayi ozone layer imapanga mzere woyamba wodzitetezera ku Dziko Lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kufika pansi.
• UV-B Vanguard: Imagwira ntchito yolunjika pamwamba pa zinthu, ingayambitse kusweka kwa unyolo wa mamolekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale vuto lalikulu la kusweka kwa pulasitiki ndi kutha kwa utoto.
• UV - Cholowa Chokha: 'Chobisalira' chokhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mkati mwa zinthu kuti chiyambe kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono koma mosalekeza. Polimbana ndi makhalidwe a adani awa m'mafunde osiyanasiyana, zotengera kuwala kwa ultraviolet zapanga njira zanzeru zodzitetezera—kudzera m'magulu apadera ogwira ntchito m'mapangidwe awo a mamolekyu, zimasintha mphamvu yowononga ya kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukhala kutentha kosavulaza, kupereka zovala zoteteza maso zopangidwa ndi manja zopangidwa ndi zipangizo monga mapulasitiki, zokutira, ndi zodzoladzola.

 

I. Kugawa kwaZokoka za Ultraviolet

M'makampani amakono komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zotsatira za ukalamba wa kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) pazinthu sizinganyalanyazidwe. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, asayansi apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma UV absorbers, omwe ndi ma UV stabilizers omwe amayamwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet kuchokera ku dzuwa ndi magwero a kuwala kwa fluorescent popanda kusintha mawonekedwe awoawo. Kutengera kapangidwe ka mankhwala awo, ma UV absorbers amagawidwa makamaka m'magulu a benzotriazoles, triazines, ndi benzophenones (mongaUV531).

Posankha zoyamwitsa za ultraviolet, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa ma resini osiyanasiyana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kuti musankhe kuwala koyenera kwa ultraviolet kuti mupange chitetezo "choyenera kwambiri" cha utomoni.

1. PVC: Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kuwala ndi kochepa pa mafunde afupi (200-300 nm), koma kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi mafunde owonjezereka, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti PVC imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwa mafunde aatali.

2. PE: Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kuwala kumasonyeza kuti PE ili ndi mphamvu yofooka yoyamwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet komanso kukana bwino kuwala kwa ultraviolet.

3. PS: Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi ndi kocheperako, makamaka kuyamwa kwa madzi kumakhala kolimba pakati pa 300-400 nm.

4. PC: Ili ndi mphamvu yoyamwa kwambiri, makamaka mu mafunde aatali a ultraviolet (350-400 nm), komwe imawonetsa mphamvu yoyamwa kwambiri.

5. PET: Ili ndi mphamvu yoyamwa kwambiri, makamaka pamlingo wa 300-400 nm pomwe kuyamwa kumakhala kofunikira.

6. EPOXY: Ili ndi mphamvu yoyamwa kwambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti EPOXY imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndipo imakalamba mosavuta.

 

II. Chiyambi chaUV531- Chotsitsa cha ultraviolet chochokera ku benzophenone

Fomula yopangira kapangidwe kake:

Njira yochitira: UV531 ndi chinthu choyamwa cha ultraviolet chochokera ku benzophenone. Njira yoyamwa ya UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) imadalira kwambiri momwe ma chemical bond amagwirira ntchito m'maselo ake ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet.

Njira yeniyeni ndi iyi:

1. Kulumikizana kwa haidrojeni m'thupi ndi kupangika kwa mphete ya chelate

Magulu a carbonyl ndi hydroxyl mu molekyulu ya UV-531 amatha kupanga ma hydrogen bond mkati mwa mamolekyulu, ndikupanga mphete ya chelate. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapatsa kufalikira kwapadera kwa ma elekitironi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko otengera kuwala kwa ultraviolet.

2. Kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ya ultraviolet

Pamene molekyulu ikumana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwa kutalika kwa nthawi inayake, imatenga mphamvu ndikulowa mu mkhalidwe wosangalatsa. Pa nthawiyi, kugwedezeka kwa kutentha kwa mamolekyu kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma bond a hydrogen amkati mwa mamolekyulu asweke komanso kutseguka kwa mphete za chelate.

3. Kusintha ndi Kutulutsa Mphamvu

Njira yotsegulira mphete imasintha mphamvu yayikulu ya kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukhala kutentha kapena mitundu ina ya mphamvu yochepa (monga mphamvu yogwedezeka), motero imaletsa polima kuyamwa mphamvu ya ultraviolet ndikuyambitsa photooxidation. Pambuyo pake, molekyuluyo imabwerera ku kapangidwe kake koyambirira ndipo imatha kuyamwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet mobwerezabwereza.

4. Kukhazikika kwa Photostability ndi Mphamvu ya Cycling

UV-531 yokha ili ndi mphamvu yotha kujambulidwa bwino ndipo imatha kuyamwa ndikutulutsa mphamvu ya ultraviolet mosalekeza. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, magwiridwe ake amatha kuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali m'malo monga ma free radicals a peroxide. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zina zolimbitsa kuwala (monga zolimbitsa kuwala kwa amine) kuti ziwonjezere chitetezo.

 

III. Ubwino Wapadera wa UV531 - Mtetezi wa Mphamvu Yopambana Yoletsa Ukalamba

1. Kuyamwa bwino kwambiri kwa gulu la UV-B: UV531 yapangidwa kuti ikayamwa gulu la UV-B (280-320 nm).

Uwu ndiye gulu lalikulu la UV lomwe limayambitsa kukalamba kwa zinthu ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. UV531 imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri mu gulu la UV-B, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pazochitika zomwe zimafuna chitetezo champhamvu.

2. Kuwala kwabwino kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha

UV531 imasunga kapangidwe ka mankhwala kokhazikika ngakhale ikakumana ndi kuwala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isawonongeke komanso kuonetsetsa kuti imatetezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

3. Kugwirizana kwakukulu

UV531 imagwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za polima (monga polyethylene, polypropylene, ndi polyvinyl chloride), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

4. Chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe

UV531 yayesedwa kwambiri ndi poizoni ndipo siivulaza anthu ndi chilengedwe, ikukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse ya chilengedwe ndipo ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabokosi azakudya ndi zodzoladzola. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma benzotriazoles ndi ma triazines angayambitse zoopsa zina zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma halogen kapena zinthu zina zovulaza. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zinayi za phenolic benzotriazole (kuphatikizapo UV-328, UV-327, UV-350, ndi UV-320) zaperekedwa kuti ziletse REACH ndi European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

 

IV. Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito a 531 - Kufalikira Kwambiri kwa Zipangizo Zosiyanasiyana

UV-531, monga chowonjezera choletsa ukalamba chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino komanso chothandiza kwambiri, chili ndi ntchito zambiri. Izi ndi zomwe UV-531 imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri:

1. Makampani opanga mapulasitiki