Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi

Kuthekera kwa chinthu cholimba kunyamula mphamvu kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba, mphamvu ya dielectric, mphamvu ya pamwamba, ndi chinyezi cha chilengedwe chozungulira. Mphamvu yake yonyamula mphamvu imasiyana kwambiri ndi mphamvu yake ya dielectric komanso chinyezi chapafupi, komanso imafanana kwambiri ndi mphamvu yake ya pamwamba. Chizindikiro cha mphamvu chimasiyana malinga ndi chipangizocho; zipangizo zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ya dielectric yotsika zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino.

Kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zotetezera kutentha kamagwirizana ndi kusonkhana kwa magetsi osasinthasintha. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka mapulasitiki ambiri kamasonyeza kuti ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotetezera kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zipangizo zamagetsi monga radar. Popeza mapulasitiki ambiri ali ndi mphamvu yochepa yoyendetsera kutentha, sangathe kutulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi mwachangu, kusiyana pakati pa mapulasitiki ndi zitsulo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki, magetsi osasunthika angayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana ndipo angayambitse zotsatirapo zoopsa, ngakhale zoopsa. Zoopsa zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi: kusonkhanitsa dothi lalikulu pamwamba pa pulasitiki; magetsi osasunthika omwe amakopa fumbi lomwe limakhudza mtundu wa mawu; magetsi osasunthika omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamamve bwino "kugwedezeka kwamagetsi" pogwiritsa ntchito makapeti opangidwa ndi ulusi kapena pansi pa pulasitiki; kumamatira pakati pa mafilimu ndi mapepala apulasitiki, kusokoneza kupanga kwabwinobwino; ndi ufa wolimba womwe umalumikizana panthawi yoyenda kwa mpweya. Nthunzi zotuluka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosasunthika zimatha kuyatsa kusakaniza kwa mpweya ndi fumbi kapena zosungunulira zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphulika kowononga kwambiri.

Njira zochepetsera mphamvu yamagetsi

(1) Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi chapadera: Pamene chinyezi cha zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi chikuwonjezeka, mphamvu yawo yoyendetsera pamwamba imawonjezekanso, motero imafulumizitsa kutayikira kwa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene chinyezi cha polyamide chomwe chimayamwa madzi chili chokwera kuposa 65%, palibe mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene chinyezi chapadera chili chocheperako kuposa 20%, mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi osapeŵeka. Pankhaniyi, njira yokhayo yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika ndi kuwonjezera matrix yoyendetsera mphamvu kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya voliyumu.

(2) Wonjezerani mphamvu ya mpweya:pogwiritsa ntchito ionizer yomwe imagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya magetsi kapena radioactivity kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya mpweya, kuti mphamvuyo itha kufalikira mwachangu mumlengalenga wozungulira.

(3) Kuonjezera mphamvu ya pamwamba powonjezera zowonjezera mankhwala (zoletsa mphamvu ya pamwamba) ku mapulasitiki kapena kuziyika pamwamba kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya pamwamba, potero kuchotsa mphamvu ya pamwamba.

 Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala a Mankhwala Oletsa Kusakhazikika

Zinthu zoletsa kutentha ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku zinthu zopangira utomoni kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa zinthu zopangidwa kuti zichepetse kuchuluka kwa magetsi osasunthika. Kawirikawiri, kutengera njira yogwiritsira ntchito, zinthu zoletsa kutentha zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: kugwiritsa ntchito mkati ndi kunja.

2.Mankhwala Oletsa Kusakhazikika M'kati

Zinthu zoletsa kutentha zomwe zimawonjezeredwa mkati mwake zimawonjezeredwa ku ma polima ngati zinthu zoyambitsa kutentha zisanayambe kapena panthawi yopangira. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito pamwamba ndipo zimatha kusuntha ndikusonkhana pamwamba pa zinthu zowumbidwa. Zowonjezera izi zimakhala ndi magulu okonda madzi ndi okonda madzi m'mamolekyu awo. Magulu okonda madzi ndi okonda madzi ali ndi mgwirizano winawake ndi polima ndipo angapangitse kuti mamolekyu ake azigwirizana pamwamba pa chinthucho, pomwe magulu okonda madzi amagwira ntchito pomangirira ndikusinthana ndi mamolekyu amadzi pamwamba pa chinthucho. Zinthu zambiri zoletsa kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito pamwamba zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya cationic, anionic, ndi nonionic.

1.Mankhwala Oletsa Kusakhazikika kwa Cationic:Mu mtundu uwu wa antistatic agent, gawo logwira ntchito la molekyulu nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi gulu lalikulu la cationic ndipo nthawi zambiri gulu lalitali la alkyl, monga quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary sulfonium salts, kapena quaternary sulfonium salts. Anions nthawi zambiri amapangidwa panthawi ya quaternization reactions, monga chlorides, methyl sulfates, ndi nitrates. Quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agents ndi omwe amachititsa gululi la zinthu zamalonda. Cationic antistatic agents ndi othandiza kwambiri pa polar matrices (monga PVC ndi styrene polymers). Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zoyipa pa kutentha kwa ma polima ena.

2. Anionic Antistatic Agent: Mu mtundu uwu wa antistatic agent, gawo logwira ntchito la molekyulu ndi anionic. Alkyl sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, dithiocarbamates, kapena carboxylates nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi anions ambiri, pomwe ma cations nthawi zambiri amakhala ma alkali metal ions, ndipo nthawi zina ma alkaline earth metal ions. Mwachitsanzo, sodium alkyl sulfonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale chifukwa imakwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino za antistatic mu polyvinyl chloride ndi polystyrene polymers, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu polyolefins kuli ndi zoletsa zina.

3. Mankhwala oletsa kusinthasintha kwa mpweya omwe si a ionic: Mankhwala oletsa kusinthasintha awa ali ndi gulu la mamolekyulu omwe amagwira ntchito pamwamba omwe alibe chaji ndipo ali ndi polarity yotsika kwambiri (makamaka ma polyethylene glycol esters kapena ethers, ma fatty acid esters kapena ethanolamines, mono- kapena diglycerides, ndi ma ethoxylated fatty amines). Amaperekedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale ngati zakumwa kapena sera yofewa pang'ono.

Kuchepa kwa polarity kwa zowonjezerazi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsutsana ndi zinthu zamkati za polyethylene ndi polypropylene, ndipo zimasonyezanso kugwirizana kwakukulu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polyethylene ndi polypropylene ili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, crystallinity, ndi ma molecular structures osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze kapangidwe kabwino ka molekyulu ka antistatic agent iliyonse, kutalika kwa unyolo wa alkyl ndi chiwerengero cha magulu a hydroxyl kapena ether mu compound ziyenera kusinthidwa. Mwanjira iyi yokha ndi momwe zotsatira zomwe mukufuna zingatsimikizidwe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zotsutsana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu polypropylene sizigwira ntchito bwino zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa polyethylene yotsika kwambiri, komanso mosemphanitsa.

 Wothandizira wotsutsa static wakunja wokhala ndi zokutira

Zinthu zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa zimayikidwa pamwamba pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi madzi kapena mowa. Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake zomwe zatchulidwa mu zinthu zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa zamkati zimakhala zosafunika kwenikweni. Zinthu zonse zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, komanso zinthu zambiri zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa (monga glycerin, polyols, ndi polyethylene glycol), zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa m'madigiri osiyanasiyana, ndipo mphamvu ya zinthuzi sizimakhudzidwa ndi kugwirizana kwawo ndi polima kapena kusamuka kwawo mkati mwa polima.