Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā rongoā ārai-pūmau hei whakatika i ngā take pēnei i te mimiti hiko pūmau i roto i te kirihou, ngā ara iahiko poto, me te tukunga hiko pūmau i roto i ngā taputapu hiko.

E ai ki ngā tikanga whakamahinga rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaihoko ārai-pūmau kia rua ngā momo: ngā tāpiringa ā-roto me ngā paninga o waho.

Ka taea hoki te wehewehe kia rua ngā wāhanga i runga i te mahi a ngā kaihoko ārai-pūmau: rangitahi me te pumau.

Ko te tikanga whānui o ngā matū ārai-pūmau e ahu mai ana i te surfactant, ko te anga atu o ngā rōpū matū ārai-pūmau ki te hau, ka mimiti i te makuku o te taiao, ka honoa rānei ki te makuku mā roto i ngā hononga hauwai hei hanga i tētahi paparanga kawe ngota kotahi, e āhei ai ngā utu ārai-pūmau kia tere te memeha, kia tutuki ai ngā mahi ārai-pūmau.

Mā te momo hou o te kaihopu ārai-pūmau ka kawe me te tuku i ngā utu pūmau mā te kawe ira, ā, ko tōna kaha ārai-pūmau ka tutuki mā te āhua marara ngota motuhake. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihopu ārai-pūmau ka tutuki i tō rātou pānga ārai-pūmau mā te whakaiti i te ātete rōrahi o te rauemi, ā, kāore e whakawhirinaki katoa ki te mimiti wai mata, nō reira kāore i te tino pāngia e te haumākū o te taiao.

Haunga ngā kirihou, he whānui te whakamahinga o ngā matū ārai-pūmau. Ko te ripanga whakarōpū e whai ake nei e ai ki te whakamahinga ongā kaihoko ārai-pūmaui roto i ngā mara rerekē.

Ahakoa he rangitahi, he pumau rānei, ahakoa he surfactants, he polymers rānei, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i ngā otinga ritenga e rite ana ki ō hiahia.