Te "parenga tata" o te rauemi ---UV531

 

Ko te hihi ultraviolet (UV)—ko tēnei "kaikōhuru mārama" e kore e kitea—e whakararu tonu ana i te roa o te ora me te pumau o ngā rauemi maha. Hei "whakamarumaru whatu" ki te hihi UV, kua noho ngā mea mimiti UV hei kaitiaki nui mō te ahumahi hou. Hei mārama ki ō rātou pānga whakamiharo, me mōhio tuatahi tātou ki te āhua tūturu o tēnei "kaikōhuru kore e kitea."

I ngā kokonga huna o te whānuitanga o te rā (100-400nm), e whanga ana te hihi ultraviolet i ētahi ope motuhake morearea e toru:

 

Whakarōpūtanga	Awhe roangaru (nm)	Ngā Āhuatanga
UV-A	320-400	He kaha te uru o te mārama ultraviolet ngaru roa, ā, ka taea e ia te uru ki ngā kapua me te karāhe.
UV-B	280-320	Ka mimitihia tetahi wāhanga o te hihi ultraviolet ngaru-waenga e te paparanga ozone, ā, he ngoikore te kaha ki te uru.
UV-C	100-280	Ka tata katoa te mimiti o te hihi ultraviolet ngaru poto e te paparanga ozone, ā, he iti noa iho te toenga ki te mata o te Ao.

 

• Ngā Ope Taua Motuhake UV-C: He mea kawe i ngā hihi kaha-nui tino whakamate, engari ko te paparanga ozone te rārangi parepare tuatahi mō te Ao, ā, he mea tino onge te taenga atu ki te whenua.
• UV-B Vanguard: He tohunga ki te aro ki ngā mata rauemi, ka taea e ia te whakaoho i ngā tauhohenga pakaru mekameka ngota, ka waiho hei take nui mō te pakarukaru kirihou me te memeha o te peita.
• Kaihoko Whakauru UV-A: He 'kaitātari' he kaha nui te whakauru, ka taea te whakauru hohonu ki roto i ngā rauemi hei whakaoho i tētahi tukanga pirau puhoi engari tonu. Mā te arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga o ēnei hoariri i roto i ngā roangaru rerekē, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaihoroi hihi ultraviolet ngā rautaki tiaki mohio—mā roto i ngā rōpū mahi motuhake i roto i tō rātou hanganga ngota, ka hurihia e rātou te kaha whakangaro o ngā hihi ultraviolet hei wera kore kino, ka whakarato i ngā kākahu tiaki whatu kua hangaia mō ngā rauemi pēnei i te kirihou, ngā paninga, me ngā mea whakapaipai.

 

I. Te Whakarōpūtanga oNgā Kaiwhakaoho Ultraviolet

I roto i ngā ahumahi hou me te oranga o ia rā, kāore e taea te wareware i ngā pānga tawhito o te hihi ultraviolet (UV) ki ngā rauemi. Hei whakatika i tēnei wero, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao he momo momo mimiti UV, arā, he mea whakaū mārama e mimiti ana i ngā hihi ultraviolet mai i te rā me ngā pūtake mārama fluorescent me te kore e whakarerekē i ō rātou ake āhuatanga. I runga i ō rātou hanganga matū, ka whakarōpūtia ngā mimiti UV ki ngā benzotriazole, triazines, me benzophenones (pērā iUV531).

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā mimiti hihi ultraviolet, me aro nui ki te tauwehenga mimiti o ngā kapia rerekē ki te mārama ultraviolet kia taea ai te whiriwhiri i te mārama ultraviolet e tika ana hei hanga i te parenga "tino tika" mō te kapia.

1. PVC: He iti te tauwehenga mimiti i ngā roangaru poto (200-300 nm), engari ka piki ake i te pikinga o te roangaru, e tohu ana he tairongo ake te PVC ki te mārama ultraviolet ngaru roa.

2. PE: Ko te iti o te tauwehenga mimiti e tohu ana he ngoikore te kaha o te PE ki te mimiti i te mārama ultraviolet, ā, he pai hoki te ātete ki te mārama ultraviolet.

3. PS: He taurite te tauwehenga mimiti, inā koa he kaha te mimiti i te awhe 300-400 nm.

4. PC: He nui tōna tauwehenga mimiti, inā koa i roto i te awhe hihi ultraviolet ngaru roa (350-400 nm), e whakaatu ana i te kaha mimiti kaha.

5. PET: He teitei te tauwehenga mimiti, inā koa i te awhe 300-400 nm te wāhi e nui ai te mimiti.

6. EPOXY: Koia te tauwehenga mimiti teitei rawa, e tohu ana he tino tairongo te EPOXY ki te hihi ultraviolet, ā, he ngāwari ki te koroheke.

 

II. Whakataki kiUV531- He mea mimiti hihi ultraviolet rongonui e hangai ana ki te benzophenone

Tātai hanganga:

Tikanga tauhohenga: Ko te UV531 he momo mimiti hihi ultraviolet e hangai ana ki te benzophenone. Ko te tikanga mimiti o te UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) e hangai ana ki te tauhohenga o ngā hononga matū motuhake i roto i tōna hanganga ngota ki te mārama hihi ultraviolet.

Ko te tukanga motuhake penei:

1. Te hononga hauwai ā-roto me te hanganga mowhiti chelate

Ka taea e ngā rōpū carbonyl me te hydroxyl i roto i te ngota UV-531 te hanga hononga hauwai ā-roto, ka hanga he mowhiti chelate. Mā tēnei hanganga ka puta he tohatoha kapua irahiko motuhake, ka waiho hei pūtake mō te mimiti i te mārama ultraviolet.

2. Te mimiti pūngao ultraviolet

Ina pāngia tētahi ngota e te mārama ultraviolet o tētahi roangaru motuhake, ka mimiti i te pūngao ka uru ki te āhua whakahihiri. I tēnei wā, ka kaha ake ngā wiri wera o te ngota, ka mutu te hononga hauwai ā-roto me te whakatuwheratanga o ngā mowhiti chelate.

3. Te Hurihanga me te Tukunga Pūngao

Mā te tukanga whakatuwheratanga mowhiti ka hurihia te kaha nui o te mārama ultraviolet ki te wera, ki ētahi atu momo kaha iti rānei (pērā i te kaha wiri), ā, ka ārai i te pūmua ki te mimiti i te kaha ultraviolet me te whakaputa i te photooxidation. Muri iho, ka hoki te ngota ki tōna hanganga taketake, ā, ka taea te mimiti i te mārama ultraviolet i ngā wā katoa.

4. Te Pūmautanga o te Whakaahua me te Pānga Pahikara

He tino pumau te UV-531 ki te whakaahua, ā, e ai ki te ariā, ka taea e ia te mimiti me te tuku i te kaha ultraviolet mō ake tonu atu. Heoi, i roto i ngā mahi whaihua, ka heke haere pea tōna mahi nā te roa o te pānga ki ngā taiao pēnei i ngā rauropi korekore peroxide. Nō reira, he maha tonu te whakamahi me ētahi atu mea whakaū mārama (pēnei i ngā mea whakaū mārama amine ārai) hei whakarei ake i te pānga tiaki.

 

III. Ngā Painga Ahurei o UV531 - He Kaitiaki mō te Ārai-Pakeke Tino Whai Hua

1. Te mimiti tino whai hua o te roopu UV-B: Kua hangaia a UV531 hei mimiti i te roopu UV-B (280-320 nm).

Koinei te whitiki UV matua e whakararuraru ana i ngā rauemi me te werawera o te rā. He nui ake te whai huatanga o te mimiti o te UV531 i roto i te whitiki UV-B, ā, he tino pai mō ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana kia kaha te tiaki.

2. He tino pai te pumau o te mārama me te wera

Ahakoa te roa o te pānga o te mārama me te pāmahana tiketike, ka mau tonu te hanganga matū o te UV531, ā, ka ātete ki te pirau, ka roa hoki te tiakitanga.

3. Hototahi whānui

He pai te hototahitanga o te UV531 ki ngā momo rauemi polymer (pērā i te polyethylene, te polypropylene, me te polyvinyl chloride), ā, he māmā ake te tukatuka me te tono.

4. Te tiaki taiao me te haumaru

Kua oti te whakamātautau paitini pakari i te UV531, ā, kāore he kino ki te tangata me te taiao, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa taiao o te ao, ā, he haumaru hoki mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā takai kai me ngā mea whakapaipai. He rerekē, tera pea ka puta he tūponotanga taiao ki ngā benzotriazole me ngā triazine nā te mea kei roto ngā halogen, ētahi atu wāhanga kino rānei. Hei tauira, e whā ngā matū benzotriazole phenolic (tae atu ki te UV-328, UV-327, UV-350, me te UV-320) kua whakaarohia mō ngā here REACH e te Tari Matū Pākehā (ECHA).

 

IV. Ngā Wāhi Whakamahinga o te 531 - He Whānui te Kapinga o ngā Rauemi Rerekē

He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te UV-531, he tāpiringa ārai-pakeketanga tino whai hua, ā, he tino whai hua hoki. Ko ngā whakamahinga matua o te UV-531 ēnei:

1. Ahumahi kirihou