E rua ngā kaupapa matua o te tāpiri i ngā patu huakita ki ngā hua horoi: hei tiaki i ngā papanga me te aukati i te kino o te kiri i puta mai i ngā huakita. I tēnei wā, ko ngā patu huakita e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi kakahu ko ēnei wāhanga:

1. Ngā Patupatu Huakita kei roto te Haumāota

Triclocarban

Nā te whānui o te kaha ki te patu me te ārai i ngā huakita Gram-pai, ngā huakita Gram-kino, ngā harore, ngā rewena, ngā huaketo, me ētahi atu, he whānui te whakamahinga hei patu huakita me te tiaki i roto i ngā hua horoi, ngā whakapaipai, ngā patu huakita hauora, ngā mea whakamātao hau, ngā mea whakaoti kakahu me te hiako, ngā deodorant me ētahi atu hua. He tere te patu huakita a te Triclocarban, he haumaru, he kore paitini, ā, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai. Kia pania ki te kiri, ki ngā kakahu muka rānei, kāore e ngāwari te horoi atu i te wā e horoia ana, nō reira ka puta tonu ngā pānga patu huakita me te patu huakita. Hei patu huakita anionic, he pai te hototahitanga me te pumau o te triclocarban i roto i ngā hopi horoi, he pumau ki te mārama me te wera, kāore e puta te tae o te hua, kāore hoki e poke i ngā kākahu me te kiri. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau kāore he pānga nui o te tāpiri o te triclocarban ki te kaha horoi me te kaha pahuka o ngā hopi horoi wai, ā, he pai te pumau o te pāmahana teitei me te iti. He pai te hototahitanga me te pumau ki te wai kawakore e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā turanga hopi, nō reira he tino pai mō ngā hua horoi pēnei i te hopi, ngā horoi tinana, ngā shampoo, ngā paura horoi, ngā hopi horoi me ngā horoi ringa.

Triclosan

Ko te Triclosan, me te ingoa pūtaiao "2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether" me te tātai matū C₁₂H₇Cl₃O₂, e mōhiotia ana ko te "triclosan". I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, he paura tioata mā, he mā rānei, he kakara phenolic pakupaku. Kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i ngā otinga kawakore me ngā whakarewa rauropi, he whānui tōna whānuitanga o ngā pānga whakamate me te aukati i ngā huakita Gram-pai mate, ngā harore, ngā rewena me ngā huaketo (pērā i te hepatitis A, te hepatitis B, te huaketo rabies, te HIV). Kāore e whakapataritari i te kiri, ā, he rite tonu te whai hua ki ngā huakita ātete-paturopi me ngā huakita kore-ātete.

Hei patu huakita whānui, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te triclosan i roto i ngā hopi rongoā/hopi horoi tino whai hua, ngā hinu horoi, ngā rehu whakakoi kakara/waewae, ngā horoi ringa patu huakita, ngā rehu patu huakita patunga, ngā patu huakita taputapu hauora, ngā horoi/kirīmi kanohi, ngā whakakanapa hau me ngā whakakoi kakara pouaka whakamātao. E whakamahia ana hoki mō te whakaoti i ngā papanga horoi me te maimoatanga ārai-waikura o ngā kirihou. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te triclosan parakore teitei i roto i ngā paraihe niho rongoā me ngā horoi waha hei rongoā i te gingivitis, te periodontitis me ngā mate pukupuku waha, me te kukū whakamahinga kua tūtohutia o te 0.05% ki te 0.3%.

Diclosan

Ko tōna ingoa matū ko 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether, e whakarapopototia ana koDiclosan DB-100I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, he wai kōwhai mā. Kāore e wairewa i te wai, engari ka wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa waro me ngā otinga surfactant, ka taea te whakakotahi ki ngā surfactants anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric me cationic, me te ātete wera tae atu ki te 200°C me te pumau pai i roto i ngā taiao kawakore.Diclosan DB-100He patu huakita whānui-whānui haumaru, whai hua hoki tēnei, ā, he pai tōna pānga ārai i ngā huakita Gram-pai me ngā huakita Gram-kino. He pai mō ngā hua tiaki whare me ngā hua tiaki kakahu, ngā taputapu kihini, ngā horoi mata mārō rānei. Ka taea te whakamahi tahi me te wai mākū kaha i te wā e horoi ana, engari kāore e pumau ina rongoatia mō te wā roa i roto i ngā pūnaha waikura kaha (wai mākū kaha). Ko te nui o te tāpiri e taunakitia ana ki ngā hopi horoi kakahu he ≤ 0.6%.

I tēnei wā, he maha ngā hua patu huakita kei te mākete kei roto te triclosan me te triclocarban. Ko ētahi rangahau i whakahuatia e te US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e whakaatu ana ko te roa o te whakamahinga o ētahi matū hohe i roto i ngā hua patu huakita, pērā i te triclosan me te triclocarban, ka pā ki te ātete rongoā tangata, ki ngā taumata homoni rānei, ka tū hei mōrearea hauora. Nā tēnei purongo kua pōuri te tirohanga a ngā kaihoko mō te haumaru o te triclosan me te triclocarban, ka whakaiti i tā rātou whakaae ki aua hua. Nā te mea he iti iho te ngota chlorine o te diclosan i te triclosan, he iti ake te whakapataritari ki te tinana tangata, ā, he āhua whakakapi i te triclosan.

2. Ngā Patukita Phenolic

Korokōkirirenora (PCMX)

Ko tōna ingoa matū ko 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, e whakarāpopototia ana ko PCMX. He patu huakita tino whai hua, haumaru, ā, whānui te whānuitanga. He pānga whakamate tōna ki te nuinga o ngā huakita Gram-pai, kino, harore me te pokepokea ai, kāore e whakapataritari, ā, he iti te paitini o te kaihoko patu huakita. Ka taea te whakamahi whānui hei rongoā harore me te patu huakita i roto i ngā hua patu huakita, tiaki whaiaro rānei, pērā i ngā shampoo ārai-papaki, ngā horoi ringa, ngā hopi me ētahi atu hopi horoi huakita. I whakaaetia e te US FDA, ko te PCMX te kaihoko patu huakita pai rawa atu me te kukū iti rawa o te 0.5%, ā, ka taea te waimeha ki te wai i te ōwehenga o te 1:120 ina whakamahia. Kāore te Chloroxylenol e hototahi ki ngā surfactants kore-ionic me te methylcellulose. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā patu huakita, ngā hopi horoi horoi huakita rānei kei te mākete kua tāpiri i tēnei patu huakita.

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (DCMX)

He paura māwhero-hina, he kowhai-mā rānei te DCMX, he rite ki te paura porotaka, he tioata rānei, he kakara motuhake, ko te pāmahana rewa he 92-95°C, he uaua ki te rewa ki te wai, ā, he ngāwari ki te rewa ki ngā waipiro pērā i te etanoru, te isopropanol, te glycerol me ētahi atu whakarewa waro. He kaihoko patu huakita tino whai hua, whānui te whānuitanga, ā, he kaha hoki. He kaha te pānga o tēnei hua ki te patu me te aukati i ngā momo moroiti mate neke atu i te 10, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara patu huakita ā-iwi, ā-motuhake rānei, tae atu ki te aukati i te harore i roto i te umanga hiako.

I te wā e whakamahia ana ngā patu huakita phenolic, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai ō rātou wāhanga patu huakita, ā, ka ngāwari te hanga phenol i te wā e whakamahia ana. Ko te Phenol he matū tino mate pukupuku e mōhiotia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao, e whakararuraru ana i te taiao, ā, he tūponotanga anō hoki kei te whakamahia.

3. Ētahi atu

2-Phenoxyethanol (EPH/EP)

Ko te 2-Phenoxyethanol, e mōhiotia ana ko te ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ko te phenoxyethanol rānei, he patu huakita whānui rongonui puta noa i te ao. He āhuatanga ōna, arā, he tino whai hua, he haumaru, he iti te paitini, he kore whakapataritari, ā, kāore he parahanga, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te ārai i te waikura me te whakahoromata i roto i te rongoā, i ngā mea whakapaipai, i ngā hua horoi whare, tae atu ki te patu huakita me te tiaki i ngā tauera mākū me ngā mea whakapaipai. He roa te hītori o te whakamahinga whānui me te pai o te 2-Phenoxyethanol, he haumaru, ā, kāore e whakapataritari i te tinana tangata, ka taea te whakahaere pai i ngā huakita, ngā rewena me ngā pokepokea ai, ā, he mārama ngā pānga mahi tahi ina whakamahia me ētahi atu kai hohe patu huakita. Hei patu huakita kore-ionic, he pai te hototahitanga me te pumau o te EPH i roto i ngā tauira, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te whānuitanga pH whānui (pH 2-12). He pai hoki te hototahitanga me te pumau i roto i te reo kawakore e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā turanga hopi, ā, e whakamahia ana hei patu huakita me te deodorant noa me te tino whai hua i ngā whenua o Ūropi me Amerika.

Mena he hiahia āu mō te horoi i ngā patu huakita, tēnā koawhakapā maii ngā wā katoa.