I. Ngā Kupu me ngā Whakamāramatanga

He nui te hihi ultraviolet (UV) kei roto i te hihi o te rā, me ngā roangaru tata ki te 290-460 nm, he mea kino ki ngā mea tae. Ka meinga e tēnei hihi UV kino kia pirau, kia memeha hoki ngā ngota tae i roto i te tauhohenga matū redox. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mea mimiti UV ka taea te ārai, te whakaiti rānei i ngā pānga kino o te hihi UV ki ngā mea tiakina.

He mea whakaū mārama te ngongo UV e mimiti ana i te wāhanga UV o te rā me ngā pūtake mārama hihiko, me te kore e pāngia e tetahi huringa. I raro i te rā me te hihi hihiko, ka pāngia ngā kirihou me ētahi atu pūmua e ngā tauhohenga waikura-ā-roto nā te mahi a te hihi UV, ka hua ake te pirau me te pirau o te pūmua, ka hua ake he āhua kino me ngā āhuatanga miihini. Mā te tāpiri i ngā ngongo UV ka mimiti motuhake i tēnei hihi UV kaha-teitei, ka huri hei pūngao kino ka tukuna, ka pau rānei. Nā te mea he rerekē ngā roangaru UV o ngā pūmua rerekē e puta ai te pirau, ka mimitihia e ngā ngongo UV rerekē ngā roangaru rerekē o te hihi UV. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri te ngongo UV tika i runga i te momo pūmua e whakamahia ana.

II. Te Whakarōpūtanga me ngā Mahi a ngā Kaiwhakaoho Hiko-Ura

Me tutuki i ngā mea mimiti hihi ultraviolet ngā whakaritenga e whai ake nei:

① Ka taea e ia te mimiti kaha i ngā hihi ultraviolet (ina koa ko ngā hihi ultraviolet he roangaru 290~400nm); ② He pai te pumau o te wera, ā, e kore e rerekē i te wera ahakoa i te wā e tukatukahia ana, he iti te pikinga o te wera; ③ He pai te pumau o te matū, ā, e kore e tauhohe kino ki ngā wāhanga rauemi o te hua; ④ He pai te whakaranu, ā, ka taea te horapa ōrite ki roto i te rauemi me te kore e puāwai, e turuturu rānei; ⑤ He pai te pumau o te photochemical o te mea mimiti, kāore e pirau, ā, kāore e rerekē te tae; ⑥ Kāore he tae, kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he kakara; ⑦ Ka taea te horoi; ⑧ He iti te utu, ā, he ngāwari ki te tiki.

Ko ngā momo ngongo UV Benzotriazole te momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Haina i tēnei wā, engari he pai ake te mahi a ngā ngongo UV triazine i ngā benzotriazole. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga ngongo UV o ngā ngongo Triazine, me ētahi atu painga, e whānuitia ai te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūmua. He tino pai te pumau o te wera, he pai te pumau o te tukatuka, me te ātete waikawa. I roto i ngā tono mahi, he kaha te pānga tahi o ngā ngongo UV triazine me ngā kaiwhakaū mārama amine kua āraihia; ina whakamahia ngātahi, he pai ake ngā hua i te wā e whakamahia takitahi ana.

III. He maha ngā mimiti hihi ultraviolet noa

(1) Ngā hua tauhohenga o te o-nitroaniline me te p-cresol

He rite tōna āhua ki ngā tioata kore tae, ki ngā tioata kōwhai mā. Ka wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa rauropi maha pērā i te penehīni, te benzene, me te acetone. He tino iti tōna wairewatanga i roto i te wai, ā, kāore e pirau i roto i ngā kawakore kukū, i ngā waikawa rānei. Ka taea e ia te tauhohe ki ngā katote konganuku taumaha hei hanga tote. Ka taea e ia te mimiti i te mārama ultraviolet me ngā roangaru o te 270-280 nm. Ko tōna ira rewa he 130-131℃.

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā kapia pēnei i te polyester, te polyester chlorinated, te cellulose acetate, te polyvinyl chloride, te polystyrene, te plexiglass, me te polyacrylonitrile. He pai ake te pumau o tēnei i roto i ngā hua mārama i ngā hua tae. Ko te horopeta i roto i ngā hua kua oti ko ≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Haidroki-4-metoksibenzofenona (UV-9)

He paura tioata kōwhai mā, mā rānei. Te mātotoru 1.324 g/cm³. Te ira rewa 62-66℃. Te ira kohua 150-160℃ (0.67 kPa), 220℃ (2.4 kPa). Ka wairewa i roto i te nuinga o ngā whakarewa waro pēnei i te acetone, te ketones, te benzene, te methanol, te ethyl acetate, te methyl ethyl ketone, me te ethanol; kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai. Ko te wairewatanga (g/100g, 25℃) i roto i ētahi whakarewa koia tēnei: ​​benzene 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, te ethanol (95%) 5.8, te waro tetrachloride 34.5, te styrene 51.2, te DOP 18.7.

Hei ngongo UV, he pai mō ngā momo kirihou pēnei i te polyvinyl chloride, te polyvinylidene chloride, te polymethyl methacrylate, te unsaturated polyester, te ABS resin, me te cellulose resin. Ko te whānuitanga roangaru ngongo mōrahi ko te 280~340nm, ā, ko te horopeta noa ko te 0.1%~1.5%. He pai te pumau o te wera, ā, kāore e pirau i te 200℃. Kāore e mimiti te mārama e kitea ana i tēnei hua, he pai mō ngā hua mārama, mārama hoki. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā peita me te rapa hangai.

(3) 2-Haurokisi-4-n-okitoroksibenzofenona (UV-531)

He paura tioata kōwhai mā, he mā rānei. Te mātotorutanga 1.160 g/cm³ (25℃). Te ira rewa 48~49℃. Ka wairewa ki te acetone, te benzene, te etanoru, me te isopropanol; he paku wairewa ki te dichloroethane; kāore e wairewa ki te wai. Ko te wairewatanga (g/100g, 25℃) i roto i ētahi whakarewa ko: acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, etanoru (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, wai 0.5.

Hei ngongo UV, ka mimiti kaha i te mārama ultraviolet me ngā roangaru o te 270-330 nm. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā momo kirihou, inā koa te polyethylene, te polypropylene, te polystyrene, te kapia ABS, te polycarbonate, me te polyvinyl chloride. He pai te hototahi ki ngā kapia, ā, he iti te piki me te heke. Ko te horopeta noa ko te 0.1% ki te 1%. He pai te pānga mahi tahi ina whakamahia me te iti o te 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tēnei hua hei whakaū mārama i roto i ngā momo paninga.

(4) Ko te 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) he mea mimiti UV me ngā āhuatanga rite tonu ki te benzotriazole UV-326. Ka mimiti kaha i te mārama ultraviolet me ngā roangaru o te 270~380nm, he pai te pumau matū, ā, he iti rawa te piki me te heke. He pai te hototahitanga ki ngā polyolefins. He tino pai mō te polyethylene me te polypropylene. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i te polyvinyl chloride, te polymethyl methacrylate, te polyoxymethylene, te polyurethane, te polyester unsaturated, te kapia ABS, te kapia epoxy, te kapia cellulose, me ētahi atu. He tino pai te ātete o tēnei hua ki te whakamahana, te horoi, te ātete ki te memeha hau, me te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga miihini. He pānga mahi tahi nui tōna ina whakamahia me ngā antioxidants. Ka whakamahia hei whakapai ake i te pumau thermo-oxidative o ngā hua.

(5) He paura tioata mā te resorcinol monobenzoate. Ko te ira rewa he 132~135℃. Ko te mātotoru papatipu he 0.68 g/cm³ (20%). Ka wairewa ki te acetone me te ethanol, he wairewa paku ki te benzene, te wai, te n-heptane, me ētahi atu. Hei whakaū rama UV, he rite tōna mahi ki te whakaū rama benzophenone. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia ki te polyvinyl chloride, te cellulose resin, me te polystyrene, i te nuinga o te wā he 1% ki te 2%.