I. Usoro na Nkọwa

Ìhè anyanwụ nwere nnukwu ìhè ultraviolet (UV), nke nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke ihe dị ka 290-460 nm, nke na-emerụ ihe ndị nwere agba. Ìhè UV a na-emerụ ahụ na-eme ka molekul agba gbawaa ma gbajie site na mmeghachi omume redox kemịkalụ. Iji ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ UV nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ belata mmetụta mmebi nke radieshon UV na ihe ndị echekwara.

Ihe na-amịkọrọ UV bụ ihe na-eme ka ìhè sie ike nke na-amịkọrọ akụkụ UV nke ìhè anyanwụ na isi iyi ọkụ fluorescent n'enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla n'onwe ya. N'okpuru ìhè anyanwụ na fluorescence, plastik na polymer ndị ọzọ na-enweta mmeghachi omume auto-oxidation n'ihi ọrụ nke radieshon UV, na-eduga na mmebi na mmebi nke polymer, na-ebute ọdịdị na-adịghị mma na njirimara igwe. Ịtinye ihe na-amịkọrọ UV na-amịkọrọ radieshon UV a dị elu nke ukwuu, na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ike na-adịghị emerụ ahụ nke a na-ewepụta ma ọ bụ na-eri. Ebe ọ bụ na polima dị iche iche nwere ogologo oge UV dị iche iche nke na-akpata mmebi, ihe na-amịkọrọ UV dị iche iche na-amịkọrọ ogologo oge nke radieshon UV dị iche iche. Ya mere, a ga-ahọrọ ihe na-amịkọrọ UV kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na ụdị polima ejiri.

II. Nhazi na Ọrụ nke Ndị Na-amịkọrọ Ultraviolet

Ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ ultraviolet kwesịrị imezu ihe ndị a:

① Ọ nwere ike ịmịkọrọ ụzarị ultraviolet nke ọma (karịsịa ụzarị ultraviolet nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke 290~400nm); ② Ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ ma ọ gaghị agbanwe n'ihi okpomọkụ ọbụlagodi n'oge nhazi, yana obere mgbanwe okpomọkụ; ③ Ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ ma ọ gaghị emeghachi omume na ihe ndị dị na ngwaahịa ahụ; ④ Ọ nwere ezigbo mkpụgharị ma enwere ike ịgbasa ya n'ụzọ zuru oke n'ime ihe ahụ na-enweghị ifuru ma ọ bụ mwụpụ; ⑤ Ihe na-amịkọrọ ihe n'onwe ya nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike fotochemical, anaghị ere ere, ọ naghị agbanwe agba; ⑥ Ọ nweghị agba, ọ naghị egbu egbu, ọ nweghịkwa isi; ⑦ A na-asa ya; ⑧ Ọ dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe ịnweta.

Ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ UV Benzotriazole bụ ụdị ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a na China, mana ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ UV triazine na-egosi arụmọrụ ka mma karịa benzotriazole. Ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ Triazine nwere ezigbo ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ UV, yana uru ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka ha dịrị na polymers. Ha na-egosipụta nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ dị mma, nkwụsi ike nhazi dị mma, na iguzogide acid. N'ọrụ bara uru, ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ UV triazine na-egosi mmetụta siri ike na njikọta na ihe ndị na-eme ka amine na-eguzosi ike n'ihe ghara ịdị irè; mgbe ejiri ha ọnụ, ha na-arụpụta nsonaazụ ka mma karịa mgbe ejiri ha n'otu n'otu.

III. Ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ ultraviolet a na-ahụkarị

(1) Ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume nke o-nitroaniline na p-cresol

Ọ na-adị ka kristal na-enweghị agba ma ọ bụ nke na-acha odo odo. Ọ na-agbaze n'ọtụtụ ihe mgbaze organic dịka petrol, benzene, na acetone. Ọ nwere obere mgbaze na mmiri, alkali ma ọ bụ asịd anaghị agbaze. Ọ nwere ike imeghachi omume na ion ígwè dị arọ iji mepụta nnu. Ọ nwere ike ịmịkọrọ ìhè ultraviolet na ogologo ebili mmiri nke 270-280 nm. Ebe agbaze ya bụ 130-131℃.

A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na resin dịka polyester, polyester chlorinated, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, plexiglass, na polyacrylonitrile. Ọ na-egosi nkwụsi ike ka mma na ngwaahịa doro anya karịa na ngwaahịa agba. Ọnụọgụ a na-enye na ngwaahịa emechara bụ ≤0.5%.

(2) 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (UV-9)

Ntụ ntụ kristal na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ ọcha. Njupụta ya bụ 1.324 g/cm³. Ebe ịgbaze ya bụ 62-66℃. Ebe esi mmiri bụ 150-160℃ (0.67 kPa), 220℃ (2.4 kPa). A na-agbaze ya n'ọtụtụ ihe mgbaze organic dịka acetone, ketones, benzene, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, na ethanol; anaghị agbaze ya n'ime mmiri. Mmiri na-agbaze (g/100g, 25℃) n'ime ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze bụ ndị a: benzene 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, ethanol (95%) 5.8, carbon tetrachloride 34.5, styrene 51.2, DOP 18.7.

Dịka ihe na-amịkọrọ UV, ọ dabara adaba maka ụdị plastik dị iche iche dịka polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, na cellulose resin. Oke ogologo mmiri kachasị bụ 280~340nm, usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ejikarị bụ 0.1%~1.5%. O nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ ma ọ naghị ere ere na 200℃. Ngwaahịa a anaghị anabata ìhè a na-ahụ anya, nke na-eme ka ọ dabara adaba maka ngwaahịa ndị nwere agba dị nro ma na-enwu gbaa. Enwere ike iji ya na agba na roba sịntetik.

(3) 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)

Ntụ ntụ kristal na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ ọcha. Njupụta ya bụ 1.160 g/cm³ (25℃). Ebe ịgbaze ya bụ 48~49℃. A na-agbaze ya na acetone, benzene, ethanol, na isopropanol; ọ na-agbaze ntakịrị na dichloroethane; ọ naghị agbaze na mmiri. Mmiri na-agbaze (g/100g, 25℃) na ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze bụ: acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, ethanol (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, mmiri 0.5.

Dịka ihe na-amịkọrọ UV, ọ na-amịkọrọ ìhè ultraviolet nke ọma site na ogologo ebili mmiri nke 270-330 nm. Enwere ike iji ya na plastik dị iche iche, ọkachasị polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polycarbonate, na polyvinyl chloride. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na resins na obere mgbanwe. Usoro a na-ahụkarị bụ 0.1% ruo 1%. Ọ nwere ezigbo mmetụta synergistic mgbe ejiri ya na obere ego nke 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Enwere ike iji ngwaahịa a dị ka ihe na-eme ka ìhè sie ike na mkpuchi dị iche iche.

(4) 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327) bụ ihe na-amịkọrọ UV nke nwere ihe ndị yiri ya ma e jiri ya mee benzotriazole UV-326. Ọ na-amịkọrọ ìhè ultraviolet nke ọma site na ogologo ogologo nke 270~380nm, ọ na-enwe ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, yana obere mgbanwe. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na polyolefins. Ọ dabara nke ọma maka polyethylene na polypropylene. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ya na polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin, wdg. Ngwaahịa a nwere ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ sublimation, ịsacha, iguzogide gas na-ebelata, na njigide ihe onwunwe igwe. Ọ nwere mmetụta synergistic dị ukwuu mgbe ejiri ya na antioxidants. A na-eji ya eme ka thermo-oxidative kwụsie ike nke ngwaahịa.

(5) Resorcinol monobenzoate bụ ntụ ntụ kristal ọcha. Ebe ịgbaze 132~135℃. Njupụta dị ukwuu 0.68 g/cm³ (20%). A na-agbaze na acetone na ethanol, ọ na-agbaze ntakịrị na benzene, mmiri, n-heptane, wdg. Dịka ihe na-eme ka ọkụ UV sie ike, arụmọrụ ya yiri nke ihe na-eme ka ọkụ dabere na benzophenone sie ike. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na polyvinyl chloride, cellulose resin, na polystyrene, na-abụkarị na dose nke 1% ruo 2%.