Gabatarwar na'urar shaƙar UV

Hasken rana yana ɗauke da hasken ultraviolet mai yawa wanda ke da illa ga abubuwa masu launi. Tsawonsa yana da kusan 290 ~ 460nm. Waɗannan haskoki masu cutarwa na ultraviolet suna sa ƙwayoyin launi su ruɓe kuma su ɓace ta hanyar halayen rage oxidation na sinadarai. Amfani da masu shaye-shayen ultraviolet na iya hana ko raunana lalacewar haskoki na ultraviolet ga abubuwan da aka kare yadda ya kamata.

Mai ɗaukar UV wani abu ne mai daidaita haske wanda zai iya shan ɓangaren hasken ultraviolet na hasken rana da tushen hasken fluorescent ba tare da canza kansa ba. Roba da sauran kayan polymer suna samar da halayen iskar oxygen ta atomatik a ƙarƙashin hasken rana da hasken rana saboda aikin hasken ultraviolet, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da lalacewar polymers, da kuma lalacewar bayyanar da halayen injiniya. Bayan ƙara masu ɗaukar UV, ana iya sha wannan hasken ultraviolet mai ƙarfi sosai, yana mai da shi makamashi mara lahani kuma a sake shi ko a cinye shi. Saboda nau'ikan polymers daban-daban, raƙuman hasken ultraviolet da ke haifar da lalacewa suma sun bambanta. Masu ɗaukar UV daban-daban na iya sha hasken ultraviolet na tsawon tsayi daban-daban. Lokacin amfani, ya kamata a zaɓi masu ɗaukar UV bisa ga nau'in polymer.

Nau'ikan masu sha UV

Nau'ikan na'urorin sha UV da aka fi sani sun haɗa da: benzotriazole (kamarMai shaƙar UV 327), benzophenone (kamarMai shaƙar UV 531), triazine (kamarMai shaƙar UV 1164), da kuma amine mai hana (kamarMai Daidaita Haske 622).

A halin yanzu, masu shaye-shaye na Benzotriazole UV sune nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su a China, amma tasirin amfani da masu shaye-shaye na triazine UV ya fi na benzotriazole kyau sosai. Masu shaye-shaye na Triazine suna da kyawawan kaddarorin shaye-shaye na UV da sauran fa'idodi. Ana iya amfani da su sosai a cikin polymers, suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sarrafawa, da juriya ga acid. A aikace-aikace na aiki, masu shaye-shaye na triazine UV suna da kyakkyawan tasirin haɗin gwiwa tare da masu daidaita hasken amine masu hanawa. Idan aka yi amfani da su tare, suna da sakamako mafi kyau fiye da lokacin da aka yi amfani da su su kaɗai.

Yawancin masu ɗaukar UV da ake gani

(1)UV-531
Foda mai launin rawaya ko fari. Yawansa 1.160g/cm³ (25℃). Wurin narkewa 48~49℃. Yana narkewa a cikin acetone, benzene, ethanol, isopropanol, yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin dichloroethane, ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa. Narkewa a cikin wasu sinadarai masu narkewa (g/100g, 25℃) shine acetone 74, benzene 72, methanol 2, ethanol (95%) 2.6, n-heptane 40, n-hexane 40.1, ruwa 0.5. A matsayin mai sha UV, yana iya sha hasken ultraviolet sosai tare da tsawon tsayi na 270~330nm. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin robobi daban-daban, musamman polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride. Yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da resins da ƙarancin canjin yanayi. Yawan da ake buƙata shine 0.1%~1%. Yana da kyakkyawan tasirin haɗin gwiwa idan aka yi amfani da shi da ƙaramin adadin 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol). Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan samfurin azaman mai daidaita haske don nau'ikan rufi daban-daban.

(2)UV-327
A matsayinsa na mai shaƙar UV, halayensa da amfaninsa sun yi kama da na benzotriazole UV-326. Yana iya shaƙar haskoki na ultraviolet sosai tare da tsawon tsayin 270 ~ 380nm, yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da ƙarancin canjin yanayi. Yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da polyolefins. Ya dace musamman ga polyethylene da polypropylene. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi don polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin, da sauransu. Wannan samfurin yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga sublimation na zafi, juriya ga wankewa, juriyar bushewar iskar gas da riƙe kayan injiniya. Yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da antioxidants. Ana amfani da shi don inganta kwanciyar hankali na iskar shaka na thermal na samfurin.

(3)UV-9
Foda mai launin rawaya ko fari. Yawansa 1.324g/cm³. Wurin narkewa 62~66℃. Wurin tafasa 150~160℃ (0.67kPa), 220℃ (2.4kPa). Ana narkewa a yawancin sinadaran da ke narkewa a cikin halitta kamar acetone, ketone, benzene, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, amma ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa. Narkewar a cikin wasu sinadaran da ke narkewa (g/100g, 25℃) shine benzene mai narkewa 56.2, n-hexane 4.3, ethanol (95%) 5.8, carbon tetrachloride 34.5, styrene 51.2, DOP 18.7. A matsayinsa na mai shaƙar UV, ya dace da nau'ikan robobi iri-iri kamar polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, unsaturated polyester, ABS resin, cellulose resin, da sauransu. Matsakaicin tsawon sha shine 280~340nm, kuma jimlar yawan amfani shine 0.1%~1.5%. Yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi kuma baya ruɓewa a 200℃. Wannan samfurin ba ya shan hasken da ake iya gani, don haka ya dace da samfuran haske masu haske. Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin fenti da robar roba.