"Kariyar da ta kuskura" ta kayan ---UV531

 

Hasken ultraviolet (UV)—wannan "mai kisan kai mai haske" marar ganuwa—yana barazana ga tsawon rai da kwanciyar hankali na abubuwa daban-daban. A matsayin "kariyar gani" daga hasken UV, masu sha UV sun zama masu tsaron masana'antar zamani. Domin fahimtar tasirinsu mai ban mamaki, da farko muna buƙatar fahimtar ainihin yanayin wannan "mai kisan kai mara ganuwa."

A cikin kusurwoyin ɓoye na hasken rana (100-400nm), hasken ultraviolet yana ɓoye ƙarfi na musamman guda uku masu haɗari:

 

Rarrabawa	Zangon tsayin raƙuman ruwa (nm)	Siffofi
UV-A	320-400	Hasken ultraviolet mai tsawon zango yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya ratsa gajimare da gilashi.
UV-B	280-320	Hasken ultraviolet mai matsakaicin raƙuman ruwa yana sha wani ɓangare na layin ozone kuma yana da ƙarfin shiga mai rauni.
UV-C	100-280	Hasken ultraviolet na gajeren zango kusan gaba ɗaya yana shanye shi ta hanyar layin ozone, kuma kaɗan daga ciki ya rage a saman Duniya.

 

• Dakaru na Musamman na UV-C: Suna ɗauke da haskoki masu ƙarfi mafi muni, abin farin ciki shine layin ozone shine layin farko na kariya ga Duniya, wanda hakan yasa yake da wuya su isa ƙasa.
• UV-B Vanguard: Ta hanyar ƙwarewa wajen auna saman abu, tana iya haifar da karyewar sarkar kwayoyin halitta, wanda hakan ke sa ta zama babbar matsala ga ruɓewar filastik da kuma shuɗewar fenti.
• UV - Wakili Mai Shiga Jiki: 'Mai ɓoyewa' mai ƙarfin shiga jiki, mai iya shiga cikin kayan don haifar da tsarin lalacewa a hankali amma mai ci gaba. Ta hanyar niyya ga halayen waɗannan maƙiyan a cikin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, masu shaƙar ultraviolet sun ƙirƙiri dabarun kariya masu ƙirƙira - ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi na musamman masu aiki a cikin tsarin ƙwayoyin halittarsu, suna canza kuzarin lalata na haskoki na ultraviolet zuwa zafi mara lahani, suna samar da tufafin kariya na gani da aka ƙera musamman don kayan aiki kamar robobi, rufi, da kayan kwalliya.

 

I. RarrabaMasu Shafar Ultraviolet

A masana'antu na zamani da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum, ba za a iya yin watsi da tasirin tsufa na hasken ultraviolet (UV) akan kayan ba. Don magance wannan ƙalubalen, masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiro nau'ikan masu ɗaukar haske na UV, waɗanda sune masu daidaita haske waɗanda ke shan hasken ultraviolet daga hasken rana da tushen hasken fluorescent ba tare da canza halayensu ba. Dangane da tsarin sinadarai, masu ɗaukar UV galibi ana rarraba su zuwa benzotriazoles, triazines, da benzophenones (kamarUV531).

Lokacin zabar na'urorin shaƙar ultraviolet, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ma'aunin sha na resins daban-daban zuwa hasken ultraviolet domin zaɓar hasken ultraviolet da ya dace don samar da kariya "mafi dacewa" ga resin.

1. PVC: Matsakaicin sha yana da ƙasa a cikin gajeren tsawon rai (200-300 nm), amma yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da ƙaruwar tsawon rai, wanda ke nuna cewa PVC ta fi saurin kamuwa da hasken ultraviolet mai tsayi.

2. PE: Ƙarancin yawan shan ruwa yana nuna cewa PE yana da rauni wajen shan hasken ultraviolet da kuma juriya mai kyau ga hasken ultraviolet.

3. PS: Matsakaicin sha yana da matsakaici, musamman sha yana da ƙarfi a cikin kewayon nm 300-400.

4. Kwamfuta: Yana da babban ma'aunin sha, musamman a cikin kewayon ultraviolet mai tsayi (350-400 nm), inda yake nuna ƙarfin sha mai ƙarfi.

5. PET: Yana da babban ma'aunin sha, musamman a cikin kewayon nm 300-400 inda sha yana da mahimmanci.

6. EPOXY: Yana da mafi girman ma'aunin sha, wanda ke nuna cewa EPOXY yana da matukar saurin kamuwa da hasken ultraviolet kuma yana iya tsufa.

 

II. Gabatarwa gaUV531- Na'urar ɗaukar ultraviolet ta benzophenone ta gargajiya

Tsarin tsari:

Tsarin amsawa: UV531 wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen shan ultraviolet wanda aka yi da benzophenone. Tsarin sha na UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) ya dogara ne akan martanin takamaiman sinadarai a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​ga hasken ultraviolet.

Tsarin takamaiman shine kamar haka:

1. Haɗakar hydrogen a cikin molecular da samuwar zoben chelate

Rukunin carbonyl da hydroxyl a cikin kwayar UV-531 na iya samar da haɗin hydrogen a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, suna ƙirƙirar zoben chelate. Wannan tsari yana ba shi takamaiman rarrabawar gajimare na electron, yana ba da tushe don shan hasken ultraviolet.

2. Shakar makamashin ultraviolet

Idan kwayar halitta ta fallasa ga hasken ultraviolet na wani takamaiman tsawon rai, tana shan kuzari kuma tana shiga cikin yanayi mai cike da farin ciki. A wannan lokacin, girgizar zafin kwayoyin halitta tana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da karyewar haɗin hydrogen na cikin ƙwayoyin halitta da buɗewar zoben chelate.

3. Sauya Makamashi da Sakinsa

Tsarin buɗe zobe yana canza ƙarfin hasken ultraviolet zuwa zafi ko wasu nau'ikan ƙarfin kuzari masu ƙarancin ƙarfi (kamar ƙarfin girgiza), don haka yana hana polymer shan makamashin ultraviolet da haifar da photooxidation. Daga baya, kwayar halittar ta koma tsarinta na farko kuma tana iya shanye hasken ultraviolet akai-akai.

4. Daidaito da Tasirin Keke

UV-531 kanta tana da ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto mai yawa kuma a ka'ida tana iya sha da kuma fitar da makamashin ultraviolet har abada. Duk da haka, a aikace, aikinta na iya raguwa a hankali saboda dogon lokaci da ake shawagi a wurare kamar su peroxide free radicals. Saboda haka, sau da yawa ana amfani da shi tare da sauran masu daidaita haske (kamar masu daidaita haske na amine da aka hana) don haɓaka tasirin kariya.

 

III. Fa'idodi na Musamman na UV531 - Mai Tsaron Mai Inganci Mai Yaƙi da Tsufa

1. Shawarar UV-B mai inganci sosai: An tsara UV531 don shan ƙungiyar UV-B (280-320 nm).

Wannan shine babban madaurin UV wanda ke haifar da tsufa da ƙonewar rana. UV531 yana da ingantaccen amfani da sha a cikin madaurin UV-B, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace musamman ga yanayin da ke buƙatar kariya mai ƙarfi.

2. Kyakkyawan haske da kwanciyar hankali na thermal

UV531 yana kiyaye tsarin sinadarai mai ɗorewa koda kuwa a lokacin da aka shafe lokaci ana fallasa shi ga haske da yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda hakan ke sa shi ya yi tsayayya da ruɓewa da kuma tabbatar da kariya mai ɗorewa.

3. Dacewa mai faɗi

UV531 yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da kayan polymer daban-daban (kamar polyethylene, polypropylene, da polyvinyl chloride), wanda ke sa ya zama mai sauƙin sarrafawa da amfani.

4. Kare muhalli da amincinsa

An yi gwajin guba mai tsanani na UV531 kuma ba shi da illa ga mutane da muhalli, yana cika ƙa'idodin muhalli na duniya kuma yana da aminci don amfani a cikin marufi da kayan kwalliya na abinci. Sabanin haka, benzotriazole da triazines na iya haifar da wasu haɗarin muhalli saboda kasancewar halogens ko wasu abubuwan haɗari. Misali, an gabatar da abubuwa huɗu na phenolic benzotriazole (gami da UV-328, UV-327, UV-350, da UV-320) don ƙuntatawa na REACH ta Hukumar Sinadarai ta Turai (ECHA).

 

IV. Yankunan Amfani na 531 - Faɗin Rufe Kayayyaki Iri-iri

UV-531, a matsayin wani ƙarin abu mai ƙarfi da tasiri wajen hana tsufa, yana da aikace-aikace iri-iri. Ga manyan fannoni na amfani da UV-531:

1. Masana'antar filastik